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[ English ] [ Italian ]

terms marked with ^† are often without further comment. They come from the experience of people who have translated large tracts of Salesian literature, e.g. Fr Borgatelli’s translation of the Memorie Biografiche. In other words most of these terms are dated ones, found only or mainly in older Salesian texts. To view terms in context, click on the text indicator below the term (not all terms have one as yet). Use the 'find' facility in Notepad or other to find the precise location of the term in context Return to Finding Your Way
da mihi animas coetera tolle Cartcom.txt - e il 0Da mihi animas coetera tolle raccolse in unità il suo amore per Dio e per i giovani.	LA	Give me souls, take away the rest 與我靈取其餘	EN-EN ZH	Often left in its Latin form however. DB’s motto.	sometimes coetera is spelled with another variant: caetera
dare	IT	debit 借方	EN-EN ZH	Accounting terminology
dati di fatto 295vigano.txt - ancorato a due dati di fatto assai concreti: il Fondatore, ossia una persona ben definita	IT	circumstances 情況	EN-EN ZH
DBN		DBN	EN-EN	cf Don Bosco Network
decreto Return to top Rfcap07.txt - Questi atti vanno fatti canonicamente, cioè con decreto scritto.	IT	decree	EN-EN	A decree carries with it a legal binding. The term is frequently found in ecclesial and Congregational contexts as well as in civil society. Decrees can be either of a public and 'group' nature, or may concern/be addressed to individuals under certain conditions. A number of Church documents are called decrees, even though they initially appear to be more general statements. A closer look will see that they contain prescriptions to be followed: Decree on Priestly Formation, Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity, Perfectae Caritatis, etc.	The Pope issues a decree of heroic virtue when the cause for canonisation of a person reaches the first public stage. Within the Congregation the Rector Major may issue decrees, e.g. of dismissal of a member, to erect or suppress a House.
Decretum Laudis Pv1.txt - 1864: «0Decretum laudis» e formulazione delle prime 13 «ani-	LA	Decretum Laudis	LA	Pontifical decree whereby a diocesan congregation is considered to have reached a point of development where it is granted to become a Congregation of Pontifical Right with all the consequences thereof.
^†decuria	IT	^†roll book	EN-EN
^†decurione Return to top	IT	^†delegate (as in delegate for Cooperators)	EN-EN	This is an unusual term and a dated one; it would not be used today	Return to Index
Delegato Centrale per i Cooperatori	IT	Central Delegate for Cooperators 負責協進會的中央委員	EN-EN ZH	Salesian appointed at world level to look after the Salesian Cooperators
Delegato Cooperatori	IT	Cooperators’ Delegate 協進會代表	EN-EN ZH	A Salesian priest in the community who has responsibility for the Cooperators
Delegato Exallievi	IT	Past Pupils’ Delegate Alumni Delegate 校友代表校友委員	EN-UK-AU.. EN-US ZH	Salesian (not necessarily a priest) responsible for Past Pupils in a community
delegato pastorale ispettoriale	IT	provincial delegate for youth pastoral ministry 會省牧民代表	EN-EN ZH	cf. comments elsewhere on pastorale, pastorale giovanile
delegato vocazionale	IT	delegate for vocations, vocations director... 聖召委員	EN-EN ZH
delegazione 387chavez.txt - Delegazione del Mozambico, benché dipendente dall’Ispettoria del Portogallo, a partire	IT	delegation 委任	EN-EN ZH	as well as its usual meaning has special meaning of a juridical circumscription which is almost a province. Its leader is the Delegate not the Provincial
deliberazioni capitolari Return to top Dbmem.txt - 1° Si tengano segrete le 9deliberazioni capitolari, e se avvi qualche cosa da comunicare ad altri, sia	IT	Chapter deliberations	EN-EN	These days it is clear enough that we distinguish deliberations of a Chapter from working guidelines. It was not always so. In the early Chapters of the Congregation, e.g. Chapters 1 and II, the number of deliberations were as many as 300-400. The 9th GC had the task of making some sense of and putting some order into this tendency, separating general deliberations which gave completeness to the Constitutions from those of a generally exhortative and optative nature.	This Chapter, then, made a distinction between 'organic' and 'preceptive' deliberations. The term organic was never fully clarified, but could be said to be synonymous with constitutional. Preceptive deliberations were still important but regarded as disciplinary, coming into force by virtue of their acceptance by the Rector Major (in contrast to the former group which required the approval of the Holy See). Could be seen as the difference between constitutions and Regulations.
destinatario 354vecchi.txt -desta l'attenzione verso la situazione del destinatario,	IT	ones for whom we work/to whom we are sent 工作對象	EN-EN ZH	Difficult to translate as one word in English. Could also be as simple as our charges
devozione Return to top Costituzioni1.txt - DB, Esercizio di devozione alla misericordia di Dio, Torino 1847 p. 81	IT	devotion 敬禮	EN-EN ZH	Note its history in Salesian terms – a favoured term of Francis de Sales with particular meaning, probably close to what today we would call apostolic charity.	In the longer Christian tradition the term has a rich and also complicated story. There have been long periods when it has meant mainly devotions, in the plural, and almost a substitute for true religion. But devotions were also reincorporated or re-upholstered by Paul VI’s Evangelii Nuntiandi as legitimate popular spirituality.
devozione a Maria Ausiliatrice 368vecchi.txt - educatori, gruppi di impegno, responsabilità dei più maturi, devozione a Maria Ausiliatrice, frequenza ai	IT	devotion to Mary Help of Christians	EN-EN	A term with several variants: devotion to the Madonna, devotion to the Help of Christians, perhaps even the more general term Marian devotion from a Salesian perspective. cf. also ADMA	There is a close and direct connection between devotion to Mary Help of Christians and the Salesian spirit. Historically this is not difficult to see: from the dream at age 9 to that in Barcelona in 1886. From the catehcism lesson with Bartholomew Garelli to the manner in which he sought and obtained approval of the Constitutions of the Salesian Congregation. He saw the Madonna as the Foundress of the Congregation and spent much of his life spreading devotion to her and proclaiming the wonders she had worked.
diacono Diaconus D. RFCN_Cap_3.txt - Nel servizio di santificazione occorre che il futuro diacono o presbitero dia prova Return to top	IT	deacon deacon (in annuario)	EN-EN	The ecclesial meaning of the term can be sought elsewhere. Salesian documentation usually employs the term along with prete (priest) and chierico (cleric) to distinguish the nature or character of a kind of member (socio)	In keeping with both Don Bosco's readiness to make use of any ecclesiastical function and his thinking in tune with the Church it was natural that the Congregation should reaffirm the possibility of the permanent Salesian Deacon amongst its members in the post-Vatican II renewal. The Ratio in its renewed form takes special care for the formation of the Salesian permanent deacon.
dialogo interreligioso Animazione missionaria.txt - nello stile, incoraggiando l'apertura ad una mentalità di Chiesa universale, la qualità del dialogo interreligioso	IT	inter-religious dialogue	EN-EN	The term appears sometimes in English without the hyphen. It has become a technical post-Vatican II term (the word dialogue appeared in a magisterial document for the first time in 1964) for dialogue between Catholics/Christians and other major faith traditions.	The term appears frequently in the Salesian magisterium because there are many Salesian communities in contexts where other faith traditions are in the majority. It is common in discussions pertaining to the missions, to ecumensim, to inculturation.
dimensione laicale Return to top 376vecchi.txt - dimensione laicale attraversa la nostra vita e la nostra famiglia, fino a marcarne	IT	(the) lay dimension	EN-EN	The term appears to originate from GC21 in its discussion of the Salesian Brother. Cf comments on Coadiutor elsewhere in this glossary. Synonyms are terms such as lay mentality, lay vocation	Over time the General Chapters changed from reference (Italian makes the change clearer) to coadiutore-chierico-prete salesiano, to coadiutore salesiano-chierico-prete. It is not just a play on words but highlights the essential fact that the Brother is a true Salesian and not just a derivative of the priest
di Sales, Francesco	IT	de Sales, Francis 聖方濟各沙雷氏	EN-EN ZH	The term is originally in French (François de Sales). Italian has Italianised the entire name. English does not alter the orthography for the surname, but Anglicises the Christian name	Born 21^st August 1567 in the de Sales castle at Thoren, Savoy. Died 28^th December 1622. The term Salesian is initially a reference to this Saint and his spirituality. Which is why we use the expression Salesian of Don Bosco to note the distinction. There is also a Salesian Family, then, quite apart from that pertaining to Don Bosco.
Diaconus, D.	LA	Deacon, D 執事	EN-EN ZH	This term is to be found in the Year Book	cf. also diacono
dicastero Return to top 290vigano.txt -Per questo lavoro converrà approfittare anche della qualificata collaborazione del dicastero per la Pastorale	IT	department 部門	EN-EN ZH	There is a distinction between a dicastero and a settore, the latter being the wider term, currently in Salesian jargon. Other matters below a department would be called areas.	We do not use the Vatican dicastery as a gloss. The Social Communications Sector has a department which looks after a number of areas.
dicastero della PG	IT	department for YM 青年牧民部門	EN-EN ZH	cf. comment above on dicastero	Return to Index
dimensione sociale della carità Cg23.txt - La dimensione sociale della carità	IT	the social dimension of charity 愛德的社會幅度	EN-EN ZH	A term that gained prominence during GC23
dimissione eg07-Separazione dalla società.txt -Dimissione dalla Società	IT	dismissal	EN-EN	A process by which a member is separated from the Congregation either according to law or by a decree of the Superior General. There are three kinds of dismissal according to Canon Law: ipso facto (automatic) Canon 694, obligatory Canon 695, according to the judgement of the Superior 696.
dimissorie Pv1.txt - «dimissorie» per le sacre ordinazioni, di alienare beni o di contrarre debiti	IT	dimissorials (letters)	EN-EN	cf. also Lettere dimissoriali
dinamismo IL NUOVO LOGO.txt autentici del suo dinamismo (C 39).	IT	energy 活力動力	EN-EN ZH	Note context each time, but in general avoid glossing with dynamism
Dio Return to top	IT	God 天主	EN-EN ZH	One could hardly write about spirituality without including God as one of the 100 most important words! Desramaut obviously includes the term.	DB would speak of God the Creator, Fear of God, the glory of God, (the greater glory of God) , the will of God, rather than just the broad term God.
direttore DBricdirett.txt - Documento prezioso, dettato da urgenze immediate (sostenere il giovane don Michele Rua nel compito di direttore	IT	rector director 院長	EN-UK-AU… EN-US ZH	The superior of the Salesian canonical community. The role of the Rector is discussed in the Rector's Manual	The term may often be capitalised
direttore degli studi DBtrelet.txtPlus16MoreFiles.txt -delinquenti. Succedendo cose gravi se ne dia tosto avviso al Direttore degli Studi o al Superiore della Casa.	IT	prefect of studies director of studies 校長	EN-EN ZH
Direttore spirituale	IT	Spiritual Director	EN-EN	In addition to the obvious meaning of the term, the capitalised version is applied to the priest who works with the DAMAS (cf. Asociación Damas Salesianas)	Return to Index
direttorio SDB-Regolamenti-i.txt - stabilite nel Direttorio ispettoriale	IT	directory 目錄指南	EN-EN ZH	This has a juridical meaning for Religious communities – directories are usually items such as Province Directory or Formation Directory, part of the common or particular law of the Congregation	In the case of a province list of personnel and houses, some provinces also call this a directory. Perhaps better termed as a yearbook
direttorio generale 296vigano.txt -conciliari, elaborato sotto l’ispirazione prossima del Direttorio Generale, il nostro documento ne assume totalmente le	IT	general directory 一般目錄	EN-EN ZH	Directory is a technical term in Vatican parlance, often in reference to something like the Liturgical Ordo
Direttorio Generale per la Catechesi Return to top chavezupscat04.txt - nel Direttorio Generale per la Catechesi (1997), al n. 147.	IT	General Catechetical Directory, General Directory for Catechesis	EN-EN	The first, approved by Pope Paul VI April 11th 1971 and prepared by the Congregation for the Clergy.	The second, approved by Pope John Paul II in 1997 is a fully revised version taking into account the many papal and other magisterial documents in between. Sometimes this second version is also simply called the General Catechetical Directory.
direttorio ispettoriale Pv10.txt - È compito del Direttorio ispettoriale (sezione formazione) applicarli	IT	provincial directory, province directory 會省目錄	EN-EN ZH	Not to be confused with the annual listing of confreres and houses (year book) the directory is a collection of norms applying basic Salesian law
direzione but cf below	IT	administration 管理	EN-EN ZH	In reference to, say, the Administration offices of a school, Salesian House and so forth. Cf. also direzione generale
Direzione Generale (Opere Don Bosco) Animazione missionaria.txt - Direzione Generale Opere Don Bosco, Volontariato e Missione Salesiana, Roma, Return to top	IT	General Administration Works of Don Bosco	EN-EN	The official title for the Generalate in Rome, often shortened to Direzione Generale.	A synonymous term is central government, implying the many roles, departments, offices at the Generalate, but also the manner in which they carry out their work - as a service of communication and animation. GC24 requested an evaluation of the functioning of these structures.
direzione spirituale Rfcncap1.txt -colloquio con il Direttore, della direzione spirituale, del sacramento della Penitenza, del	IT	spiritual direction 神修指導	EN-EN ZH	While not a term employed by Don Bosco it soon became part of Salesian terminology under Fr Albera then Fr Ricceri. Nowadays Salesians may refer to a spiritual guide as a synonymous term, but one with fewer specific connotations, and perhaps to be understood less formally. Acceptance of a spiritual guide is essential in the path of vocational discernment.	The Salesian mission as understood by DB was very much one of spiritual direction of the young. Nowadays the term is understood more as something applied among Religious or the Christian faithful, but we should not overlook the fact that in the Preventive System we have a charismatic approach to spiritual direction of the young – in friendship, confidence and freedom.
diritto canonico 312vigano.txt - Un'altra novità ancora è l'adeguamento delle Costituzioni al nuovo Codice di Diritto canonico Return to top	IT	Canon Law, Code of Canon Law	EN-EN	It is worth noting that the revised Code (a term often used as a shorthand for the Code of Canon Law) was promulgated in 1983 and the revised Salesian Constitutions in 1984. The SDB Constitutions were regarded by the Church as a good example of how to draw benefit from the new Code's 'space' for developing the autonomous nature of a particular charism.
diritto pontificio eg10-Doveri e facoltà particolari dell'Ispettore.txt -apostolica, clericali di 4diritto pontificio, i quali a norma delle Costituzioni godano della potestà	IT	pontifical right	EN-EN	A canonical term. An Institute by pontifical right is the complete term. Such an Institute is recognised by the Holy See as having a charism of universal value to the Church. In juridical terms it means the Institute does not depend on the Bishop or Episcopal Conference but on the Holy See.	From this, an Institute gains 'exemption', seen not so much as a privilege but as availability for greater service. When the Salesian Constitutions indicate that the Pope is our ultimate superior, it derives from the fact of Pontifical right.
diritto proprio della Società Costituzioni5.txt - universale della Chiesa e dal diritto proprio della Società.	IT	the Society’s own law 社會的專有權利	EN-EN ZH	as distinct from Canon Law or the Church’s own law.	The Congregation's own law is also known as the Rule of Life which comprises documentation indicated in C. 191: General regulations, deliberations of General Chapters, General and Provincial Directories (including for example the Ratio), other decisions made by competent authorities.
diritti umani chavezscuol02.txt - e dell’emulazione, la preoccupazione per la città e per i diritti umani, l’attitudine a Return to top	IT	human rights	EN-EN	The term is especially meaningful as one of the contexts of evangelisation today, and a challenge to faith. Other similar challenges are: ecology, the earth as God's gift, solidarity and poverty, work, the movement of peoples,	the new world order-economic order, family and life.
disagio Sgs.txt - alle tante situazioni di povertà, di disagio, d'oppressione, di guerra, diffuse	IT	hardship	EN-EN	A human condition indicating, allusively, a state of suffering but also of need or concern. It does not necessarily indicate a pathological condition; in fact it can be a sign of sensitivity, desire to know, creativity
discepolo di Cristo Cg23.txt - Chi, come discepolo di Cristo, vede questa realtà con i suoi occhi e la sente	IT	disciple of Christ	EN-EN	With a number of variants (disciple of Jesus, of the Lord, authentic disciple of the Good Shepherd), this term was common enough in the language of Fr Viganò (e.g. writing to confreres in 1979 about religious discipline)
discernimento (vocazionale) Return to top Pv8.txt - ' In 'Criteri e norme per il discernimento vocazionale salesiano (Roma 1985) sono indicati elementi di	IT	(vocational) discernment	EN-EN	Clearly there is a wide field of application for discernment - gospel discernment of the most general kind, for example.	But the term vocational discernment is used in two contexts - in the general context of spiritual discernment for any young person discerning his or her way of life, and in the particular context of admission to religious Life or the early stages of that life towards f inal profession or towards priesthood.
disciplina religiosa Costituzioni4.txt - la cura della vita e della disciplina religiosa.	IT	religious discipline 修會紀律	EN-EN ZH	A term that needs to be tied to the word disciple. Our sense of religious discipline is to be disciples of the Lord and of Don Bosco	One of Desramaut’s 100 words of Salesian spirituality However we also find the term in adjectival form as a single word (disciplinari, disciplinary) employed in a strictly canonical sense as, for example, when a Major Superior may dispense from single disciplinary articles of the Constitutions. Here disciplinary means a norm or rule that does not touch on the essential nature of the Salesian Identity as outlined in the Constitutions.
discoli, dissipati, e buoni DBcenstor.txt - Sales bisogna dividere in tre classi gli allievi: discoli, dissipati, e buoni. I buoni si conservano e progrediscono nel	IT	the unruly, the frivolous and the good 任性的,輕佻的,善良的	EN-EN ZH	A general categorisation of young people left us by DB
^†disordini	IT	abuses	EN-EN		Return to Index
dispensa Return to top eg13-L'archivio ispettoriale e gli archivi delle case.txt - - Confratelli usciti per fine voti o per dispensa dai voti	IT	dispensation	EN-EN	Dispensation is a canonical term. It is an act by which authority, under certain conditions, exonerates a person from the obligation of observing a norm or precept. E.g. dispensation of a person from private vows. There is dispensation from priestly celibacy, from vows (temporary or perpetual) from diaconate.	There is also the possibility of dispensation from observance of one or Constitutions. Such dispensation can be given by a Major Superior. Dispensation in matters such as priestly celibacy or perpetual vows involves a process of request, including to the Holy See. The dispensation is given by means of a rescript.
Divina Provvidenza Dbletrom.txt - Chiesa e altrove; lo star malvolentieri in un luogo ove la Divina Provvidenza li ricolma di ogni bene pel corpo	IT	Divine Providence	EN-EN	The term, as evidenced by a large corpus of Salesian texts, is almost entirely employed by Don Bosco. Where other texts use it, it is generally as part of a citation from Don Bosco himself. The Constitutions use the term (C. 74 on Poverty) in reference to Don Bosco's total abandonment to Divine Providence.
docile Dbmosf.txt - conducendolo alle pratiche religiose me lo resi assai docile, ubbidiente e studioso a segno che dopo sei Return to top	IT	well-behaved 溫馴	EN-EN ZH	Beware, ‘false friend’ – docile	The word of course can mean docile but in many contexts in which we find it in Salesian texts (e.g. in the Life of Dominic Savio, or in reference to John Bosco as a boy at school) it means good behaviour.
docilità allo Spirito 385chavez.txt - La docilità allo Spirito di Dio, che rende possibile in noi l’impossibile. Il racconto	IT	docility to the Spirit	EN-EN	When we see that of the 96 references to docilità in the corpusdb one third of them refer to the Spirit, we can sense that this is a term in its own right, with some variants: docility to the Holy Spirit, to the Lord, to the Spirit of the Lord, towards the Spirit.
dolcezza Strenna05.txt - sempre raggiante di carità e dolcezza ci risponda colle parole di S. Paolo: nos autem	IT	kindness 溫良	EN-EN ZH	Avoid the tendency to gloss this term by sweetness. It could be that, but the latter term is too saccharine in contemporary society. Usually it refers to an attitude of kindness, goodness, pleasantness or, in religious terms, Christian charity.	DB (for whom the virtue of dolcezza was something he had to learn – it did not come naturally) particularly appreciated St Francis de Sales for this reason.
Don Return to top	IT	Father 神父	EN-EN ZH	Don Bosco preferred ‘don’ as a personal reference (‘sac.’ or sacerdote is what he used in correspondence to sign off). The choice of don over padre is linked to the distinction in Italy between diocesan clergy who use don and religious priests who use padre. Italian often writes the term in lower case as don	A second issue: Bosco, Rua, Albera, Rinaldi and Ricaldone were always referred to as Don … without use of first name and with ‘Don’ untranslated. From the time of Ziggiotti onwards, reference in English was often to Fr. (or Don) Renato Ziggiotti, Fr. (or Don) Luigi Ricceri etc. Today we refer in English always to Fr. Pascual Chávez. Bl. Philip Rinaldi, Bl. Michael Rua -Anglicised versions are employed.
Don Bosco Return to top Dbletrom.txt - In quell'istante si avvicinò a me l'altro mio antico allievo che avea la barba tutta bianca e mi disse: - Don Bosco	IT	Don Bosco	IT-IT	Simply and always known as Don Bosco (cf. Don above), the universal Church applies other titles: Father and teacher of youth, Founder of the Society of St Francis De Sales and, with St Mary Domenica Mazzarello, the Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, the Salesian Cooperators.	Born at Castelnuovo d'Asti 14th August 1815, he was educated to faith and to a consistent practice of that faith by his mother, Mamma Margaret. At age 9 he had a dream which from then on he claimed gave him the direction for his life - the education of the young. By age 10 he was already gathering them for games and prayer. Ordained 1841 he took Da mihi animas caetera tolle as his life's motto. He developed a style and practice based on reason, religion and loving-kindness, known as the Preventive System and taught young people how to be reflective, to encounter Christ especially in one another. He educated them to faith, to a sacramental life and to practical charity and service. He died on 31st January 1888.
Don Bosco Educatore	IT	Don Bosco, Educator 鮑思高神父教育家	EN-EN ZH	Title of a critical work by Fr Peter Braido on primary Salesian texts	Return to Index
Don Bosco International	EN	Don Bosco International 鮑思高國際性組織	EN-EN ZH	The term remains untranslated into Italian	The public face of the Salesian Congregation to the EU.
Don Bosco Network DBN	EN	Don Bosco Network 鮑思高網絡	EN-EN ZH	Not translated into Italian. Umbrella organization of European Salesian NGO’s with EU recognition	Groups such as VIS, JTM,
dottore Sgs.txt - "Un dottore della legge si alzò per metterlo alla prova: "Maestro, che devo fare Return to top	IT	Doctor (but cf comment)	EN-EN	Medically a dottore is a doctor. But in Salesian (and in Scriptural!) terminology we may meet it in an educational context. On a professional level there is a wide difference between the use of dottore in Italian and Doctor in English.	In English a Doctor is one who has attained the Ph.D. In Italian anyone who has earned his laurea (college degree) is dottore. Heads of office departments may be called dottore. It is also a mark of respect for addressing individuals who may not be doctors, medically nor academically.
dovere Sgs.txt - L'ascesi del dovere o della bontà paziente era la loro penitenza Return to top	IT	duty 本份責任	EN-EN ZH	Often in the plural in both languages (doveri, duties) the term is frequent in Don Bosco’s usage. The title of Il Giovane Provveduto continued on to say per la practica dei suoi doveri. This was a very practical manual of piety, then.