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terms marked with ^† are often without further comment. They come from the experience of people who have translated large tracts of Salesian literature, e.g. Fr Borgatelli’s translation of the Memorie Biografiche. In other words most of these terms are dated ones, found only or mainly in older Salesian texts. To view terms in context, click on the text indicator below the term (not all terms have one as yet). Use the 'find' facility in Notepad or other to find the precise location of the term in context Return to Finding Your Way

economia SSCS - it.txt - per la Comunicazione Sociale, per la Pastorale Giovanile e per l’Economia.	IT	financial administration 金融管理	EN-EN ZH	One of the sectors represented by a General Councillor	Return to Index
economo SDB-Regolamenti-i.txt Ordinariamente però l'ufficio di vicario non sia abbinato a quello di economo.	IT	bursar, administrator,… 財務主任	EN-AU-UK-IN… ZH	We have the term Economer General and Provincial Economer, even though English does not admit of the word economer. At local level a few provinces employ the term economer - most use administrator, bursar or along those lines.	For further information on this issue..
Economo Generale SDB-Regolamenti-i.txt L'economo generale sovrintende per tutta la Società alle operazioni segnalate all’articolo 188	IT	Economer General 總財務長	EN-EN ZH	The Economer’s Office is actually a sector (settore, as distinct from dicastero) along with five others, but rarely referred to as such.
ecosistemi comunicativi SSCS - it.txt -	IT	communicational ecosystems 通訊生態系統	EN-EN ZH	A recent term coming out of the developments in understanding communications as a system. It has its origins in the work of a Brazilian educationalist Ismar Soares.	cf. also Salesian Social Communication System
Edebé Return to top	ES	Edebé	ES-ES	The transliterated form in Spanish for the initials EDB or Ediciones Don Bosco	Edebé is a consortium of 4 publishing houses in Spain, meaning it also publishes in other languages used in Spain. It has twinning arrangements with publishers also in Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Mexico. Cf also Fusagasugá
editore 313vigano.txt - Don Bosco, come discepolo di Gesù Cristo, è stato prete, educatore, fondatore, scrittore, 4editore, viaggiatore	IT	publisher 出版社	EN-EN ZH	Beware of the 'false friend' editor. In reference to the Salesian Bulletin, it is a moot point whether to use the term editor or director for the Italian direttore (in this case). In some cases there are both: the Salesian director and possibly another Salesian or lay person who is the editor or editor in chief.	Return to Index
editoria CSmanpres.txt - Non tutte le realtà di comunicazione sono tra loro collegate (editoria, Bollettino Salesiano,	IT	publishing	EN-EN	The term is only in occasional use in Salesian circles but it provides no difficulty - it is a well-known term in the Italian language with a clear meaning in English as well. We find it, for example in guidelines written by Fr Raineri in AGC 302 20 or more years ago, (Il pensiero di Don Bosco come programma dell'Editoria Salesiana) then rarely again until 2005 in AGC 390 in guidelines offered by Fr Scaramussa on the same theme.
Editrice S.D.B. Pv1.txt	IT	Editrice S.D.B. .慈幼會出版社	IT ZH	Remains as such though it means Salesian Publishers	The term means SDB Publishers, but is perhaps best left in its original Italian. Individual sectors needing to publish documents or books regarding topics belonging to the sector usually make use of this private publisher belonging to the Congregation.
educativo 289vigano.txt - Ricordiamo, per esempio, l’importanza che aveva nel suo impegno educativo la «Compagnia dell’Immacolata»,	IT	educational 教育的	EN-EN ZH	Educative exists in English but it is not the usual adjective corresponding to education. This is educational. The Italian educativo is the more normal adjective for educazione in English.	Another issue here is the context in which educatore is used in Italian. It has a wider extension than in English. The Italian ‘educatore’ could be a parent or a parish priest.
educativo-pastorale SEMINARIO PDO.txt - e un nuovo modello di lavoro educativo-pastorale:	IT	educative and pastoral	EN-EN	English prefers the two adjectives to be joined by a conjunction rather than the hyphen, since neither term has been shortened (as with socio-economic)
educazione SSCS - it.txt - linguaggi di comunicazione disponibili al suo tempo per l’educazione: il teatro, le Return to top	IT	education 教育	EN-EN ZH	Note, especially for derivatives, that the Italian concept of education is much broader than that in English. Italian synonymous terms are istruzione and Formazione	Note that if someone gains a degree in Education, in Italian it would be called ‘Scienze di educazione’ Return to Index
educazione all'amore Cg23.txt - L'educazione all'amore	IT	education to love	EN-EN	The term finds its basis in the Salesian Constitutions on chastity where the vow renders the person 'capable of educating them to love and to purity'. But the precise term comes from GC23. 192.	Education today needs to take into account an holistic approach which includes the dimension of sexuality and education to love.
educazione alla Fede Cg23.txt - portato verso il "cammino di educazione alla fede".	IT	education to the Faith 信仰培育	EN-EN ZH	A term which was given its particular contemporary force by GC23. cf. also cammino	Cf. E. Alberich, «L’educazione religiosa oggi: verso un chiarimento concettuale e terminologico», in Orientamenti pedagogici, XLIV (marzo-aprile 1997) 311-334 for an extensive description of the term and its development.
educazione ed evangelizzazione 290vigano.txt - «Siamo coscienti — ci dice il CG21 — che educazione ed evangelizzazione sono attività distinte nel loro ordine.	IT	education and evangelisation	EN-EN	The nouns may be reversed. The binomial expresses the connection (the term symbiosis is sometimes used by the Rectors Major in describing the connection) even the 'compenetration' of the two terms education and evangelisation. GC 21 had pointed out that the two terms are distinct, yet strictly connected at a practical level.(GC21 14).
(l')educazione ricevuta Costituzioni1.txt - Gli Ex allievi ne fanno parte per l’educazione ricevuta. La loro appartenenza Return to top	IT	the education they have received	EN-EN	This term offers the fundamental reason why the Past Pupils of Don Bosco are regarded as members of the Salesian Family.	This education gives rise to various levels of participation in the Salesian mission in the world.
educomunicazione 390chavez.txt - l’educazione con i media, l’educomunicazione, che include l’educazione all’uso dei	IT	educommunication	EN-EN	A term popularized by Ismar Soares (Brazil) and in wider use in Latin American nations. In English it is akin to though not the same as media education.	The term has now found its place in Salesian discourse in two ways (a) in the Salesian Social Communication System SSCS, a set of guidelines produced in 2005 by the SC Department, and in the constant use of the term by the Salesian Sisters. They have promoted the use of this term.
Elementi Giuridici e Prassi Administrativa nel Governo dell’Ispettoria	IT	Juridical Elements and Administrative Praxis in Governing the Province 管治會省的法律因素和行政慣例	EN-EN ZH	Title of handbook on juridical matters – recently published in an English version.	Brief title and reference is simply Elementi Giuridici
elenco (generale) Cg20-5.txt - Elenco generale della Pia società salesiana 1888. Return to top	IT	Year Book 年鑑	EN-EN ZH	In fact, even though the Congregation has now dropped this term in reference to the annual description of who’s who and who’s where, many Salesians even in English, still refer to The Elenco.	The term has its particular Salesian history since the very first yearbook or annuario produced by Don Bosco contained a short elenco of confreres and communities. In time the term elenco was adopted to indicate the yearly listings. Only in 2002 did the Congregation return to annuario.
Elle Di Ci LDC	IT	(Salesian Publishers LDC) 慈幼會出版社	EN-EN ZH	Always referred to by its Italian acronym LDC which stands for Libreria Dottrina Cristiana, a concept that goes back to DB	Return to Index
emarginati Rfcap06.txt - è particolarmente sensibile ai problemi dei giovani poveri ed emarginati e alle situazioni di povertà,	IT	abandoned 邊緣的被排斥的	EN-EN ZH	Cf. also marginalizzazione.	Avoid awful transliterations like emarginated
entrate	IT	inflows 收入	EN-EN ZH	Accounting terminology
Episcopus E.	LA	Bishop, E. 主教	EN-EN ZH	This term is to be found in the Year Book
Epistolario	IT	Collected Correspondence 書信集	EN-EN ZH
équipe SSCS - it.txt - Équipe del Dicastero per la Comunicazione Sociale	FR	team 小組團隊	EN-EN ZH	Could occasionally be glossed as committee.	Plural is èquipes even in Italian, since it is a borrowed term.
équipe pastorale ispettoriale	IT	provincial youth pastoral ministry team 會省牧民小組	EN-EN ZH	It may be called this in a province or may have another name altogether but have the same function	e.g. PAT in Australia or Pastoral Animation Team
erezione canonica Return to top SDB-Regolamenti-i.txt - Dove la situazione lo consente, si proceda all'erezione canonica della casa	IT	canonical erection	EN-EN	Canonical erection of a juridical entity such as the Salesian Congregation, or of a House. We distinguish between a simple opening and canonical erection. The latter is a juridical act by which a Salesian presence is recognised as a "domus religiosa" or religious house.	It then becomes a legitimate juridical person under the authority of a superior. C. 608
esame di coscienza 387chavez.txtPlus8MoreFiles.txt - Vi confesso che non immagino possibile un vero discernimento, sia personale che comunitario, senza la pratica quotidiana dell’esame di coscienza.	IT	examination of conscience 省察	EN-EN ZH	Up until the 1960’s the Practices of Piety for use in Salesian Houses told us to ‘pause for a moment to consider the state of our conscience’ at evening prayer time. The language had hardly changed from DB’s first comment on that in Il Giovane Provveduto.	The current Rector Major Fr Chávez has spoken of the importance of the daily examen in our religious life. Salesians prefer to stay with the traditional understanding of the term rather than to modulate it toward a so-called examen of consciousness.
esclaustrazione eg02-Il Capitolo Ispettoriale.txt - quelli che hanno un Indulto di esclaustrazione dato dal Rettor Maggiore, sia quelli che si trovano secolarizzati "ad	IT	exclaustration 離開修院出會	EN-EN ZH	The term refers to a situation where a member of the Congregation, while remaining a member, lives outside the community with permission from the relevant authority, with effect on certain rights and duties.	Return to Index It is a form of absence from the community granted by the Superior General or Apostolic See.
esempio Return to top DBValentino.txt - esempio, si acquietino, preghino, insistano presso ai parenti con pace e tranquillità, fino	IT	example 榜樣	EN-EN ZH	The term itself presents no difficulties, but it is worth noting DB’s narrative style where he has been influenced by the exemplum or the device of the short edifying story used by medieval preachers. DB developed this and adapted it to great effect.	Whether it be the life of Comollo or the biographies of boys at the Oratory or the Good Night or an event in the Memoirs of the Oratory, we see this exemplum in action
esercizi spirituali SDB-Regolamenti-i.txt - giorni di esercizi spirituali, secondo le modalità stabilite dal Capitolo ispettoriale,	IT	Retreat 避靜退省	EN-EN ZH	Avoid the tendency to gloss as spiritual exercises or spiritual retreat.
esercizio della buona morte Dbdomsav.txt - facciano l'esercizio della buona morte una volta	IT	exercise for a happy death 習練善終	EN-EN ZH	Now obsolete as a term Referred to as Monthly Recollection
Esercizio di divozione al S. Angelo Custode	IT	Devotional exercise to our Guardian Angel 敬禮護守天使	EN-EN ZH	Don Bosco put this in his Companion of Youth (Giov. Provv.) among the exercises of piety for the ordinary Christian
Esperienza Pedagogica di Don Bosco	IT	Don Bosco’s Pedagogical Experience 鮑思高神父教育經驗	EN-EN ZH	Title of work by Peter Braido. Also in English translation
esperienza religiosa Return to top Rfcap07.txt - Il noviziato è l’inizio dell’esperienza religiosa salesiana come sequela di Cristo	IT	religious experience 宗教體驗	EN-EN ZH	Clearly, in speaking of Salesian spirituality, we must speak of DB’s religious experience: his Piedmontese origins, his family background, his religious upbringing, his education/formation.	For a more extensive understanding of the foundational religious experience of the Salesian Family, that of DB, cf. Desramaut’s Cent Mots-clefs. The term causes no particular linguistic problem.
esperienza spirituale RFcap03..txt -che unifica e vivifica l’esperienza vocazionale salesiana, che è in primo luogo esperienza spirituale,	IT	spiritual experience	EN-EN	Term distinguished from expressions such as experience of the spirit, experience of the Holy Spirit which are not exactly synonymous. The latter terms refer to the charism of the Founder, perhaps, or some specific experience.	When we use the term spiritual experience we often combine it with spiritual and educational experience, to indicate that our Salesian spiritual experience is closely linked to the Preventive System.
Eucaristia Dbmagone.txt - 1. Lo scopo principale di questa Compagnia si è di promuovere l'adorazione verso alla SS. Eucaristia, e	IT	The Eucharist 聖體感恩祭	EN-EN ZH	While we might think that the term Eucharist is fairly modern (Vatican II), perhaps believing that the more usual term was communion, it was also common in Don Bosco’s reference especially as Sacramentum. (Usually with SS as a prefix (Sanctissimo).	He might also refer to Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament. Return to Index
Eurobosco	IT	Eurobosco	IT-IT	Congress of Past Pupils from throughout Europe
Europa Nord	IT	Europe North 北歐	EN-EN ZH	Current description of Salesian region	retain in this form because it is peculiar to Salesian regions
Europa Ovest Return to top	IT	Europe West 西歐	EN-EN ZH	Current description of Salesian region	retain in this form because it is peculiar to Salesian regions
evangelizzare educando ed educare evangelizzando 342vigano.txt - che il motto «evangelizzare educando ed educare evangelizzando» esprime l’esigenza di una metodologia da	IT	to evangelise by educating and to educate by evangelising 以教育傳播福音及以福傳從事教育	EN-EN ZH	The form is also reversible	Slogan found in GC21 and commented on by Fr. Viganò in AGC 290
evangelizzatori dei giovani Costituzioni1.txt - siamo evangelizzatori dei giovani, specialmente dei più poveri; abbiamo una cura	IT	evangelisers of the young	EN-EN	The term originates in Salesian contexts from the first chapter of GC21's documents by this title. It gained further emphasis by being incorporated into the renewed Constitutions (C.6) and during the pontificate of John Paul II with its catch-cry of New Evangelisation.	Fr Chavez recalled the term in his first letter to confreres after election as Rector Major, adding the idea that Salesians are to be the educators and evangelisers of the young in the Third Millennium.
evangelizzazione RFcap03..txt - ..evangelizzazione, tra promozione umana e impegno evangelico, tra fede e cultura, tra lavoro e	IT	evangelisation 傳播福音福傳	EN-EN ZH	The term once meant first proclamation of the faith to those who had not heard before. In our time it refers to the entire process of faith whereby one accepts the message of Christ and undergoes a conversion of heart and mind.
evangelizzazione e catechesi 363-famsal.txt - evangelizzazione e catechesi, promozione integrale dei giovani, soprattutto poveri e Return to top	IT	evangelisation and catechesis	EN-EN	The Salesian Constitutions indicate that the Society began with a simple catechism lesson. Though Don Bosco would not have used this binomial, evangelisation and catechesis are clearly the basis of the Salesian mission.	The term was the title of a chapter from the Special General Chapter XX.
Exallieve delle Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice EX.FMA	IT	Past Pupils of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians 母佑會校友	EN-EN ZH	cf comment below on alumnus
exallievo Cg24 DocCap.txt - Tale statuto definisce con chiarezza l'identità dell'8exallievo/a e apre nuovi	IT	Past Pupil Alumnus 校友校友舊學生	EN-EN EN-US ZH	Plural alumni (alumnae fem) The colloquial term alums can be heard in the US	Britain, Australia and places where British English reigns, use past pupil. The Philippines uses alumnus