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terms marked with ^† are often without further comment. They come from the experience of people who have translated large tracts of Salesian literature, e.g. Fr Borgatelli’s translation of the Memorie Biografiche. In other words most of these terms are dated ones, found only or mainly in older Salesian texts. To view terms in context, click on the text indicator below the term (not all terms have one as yet). Use the 'find' facility in Notepad or other to find the precise location of the term in context Return to Finding Your Way
La Chiave del Paradiso Return to top	IT	The Key to Paradise 天堂的鑰匙	EN-EN ZH	Published by DB in 1848. Of interest because it contains an identikit of the Christian he would like to form: conformed to Christ, pray as Jesus prayed, accessible to the poor, ignorant, children, as Jesus was; deal with neighbor as Jesus did; servant of all, obedient, eat and drink as Jesus did at Cana and Bethany...
la grazia di unità 345vigano.txt - dato da mangiare».La grazia di unità fa crescere insieme i due poli di Dio e dei bisognosi.	IT	the grace of unity 統一的恩寵	EN-EN ZH	Term used in reference to our consecrated life which unites both the divine and the earthly	From Special General Chapter 20 but much promoted by Fr Viganò Return to Index
laicità Rfalleg1.txt - presente la molteplicità di possibilità per vivere in Congregazione la laicità consacrata	IT	laicity 俗性	EN-EN ZH	The English term is not a happy one! English may prefer lay state but this would not capture the sense of the word as used in by Fr Viganò for example. Hence we have to stay with ‘laicity.’	Fr Viganò offers three levels of meaning to the term – the most general being that of the universal condition of creation, a second level being that of the Church’s mission, and the third as a lay form of religious life, the Salesian Brother
laico Cg20-2.txt - 1 sacerdote e del Salesiano 157laico. Il coadiutore sia presente anche nel lavoro della pastorale vocazionale Return to top	IT	lay person or lay (adj) 在俗者	EN-EN ZH	Avoid lay man unless the reference is clearly to a man. In its ecclesial context it refers to all the faithful except those in Orders or Religious (though technically many Religious are still lay) according to Vatican II’s Lumen Gentium	Note that this term was used by DB himself, e.g. in the first constitutional text 1858 on the scope of the society. It predates the term coadiutore and in fact in that text is more a reference to what DB called his salesiani esterni (lay people living in the world with his spirit) than it is to coadjutors.
Laicus L. cf also coadiutore	LA	Brother, L.	EN-EN	This term is to be found in the Year Book
L’Amico della gioventù	IT	The Friend of Youth 青年良友	EN-EN ZH	Published by DB in 1848. It only had a short life. Only the first edition is in archival hands. His biographer says that in this period DB was having a terrible time.
laurea, laureato 386chavez.txt - P. STELLA, Valori spirituali nel "Giovane Provveduto" di San Giovanni Bosco. Estratto dalla dissertazione di 0laurea (Roma 1960), pag. 48. 80-81.	IT	degree, degreed	EN-EN	The Italian term designates a University degree – any. Italy state-run universities do not have MA, PH.D but Catholic institutions do – the licenza comes after the baccalaureato, the dottorato is the crowning degree.	Return to Index Baccalaureato = Bachelors, licenza = Masters. Dottorato = Doctors or Ph D.
lavoro Dbletrom.txt - martiri dello studio e del 1642lavoro? Come consumino i loro anni giovanili per coloro che ad essi affidò la Divina Return to top	IT	work 工作	EN-EN ZH	Be aware of the ascetic sense that this word has in early Salesian literature (lavoro e temperanza – work and temperance).	Nevertheless, for DB the term had wide application – any kind of productive activity short or long-term, apostolic or intellectual as well as manual. He distinguished work from play and prayer.
Lavoro e temperanza Cg20-4.txt - a) Operosità instancabile e rinuncie («Lavoro e temperanza»)	IT	Work and temperance 工作與節制	EN-EN ZH	Classic binomial of DB’s	Motto of the Salesian Society, originally expressed in Latin as labor et temperantia. DB called it ‘la parola d’ordine e il distintivo del salesiano’ (MB XII, 466) i.e. the term which is most distinctive of the Salesian.
lectio divina 380chavez10.txt - * Indicare per le case di formazione la metodologia e la pratica della Lectio divina.	LA	lectio divina 聖經誦讀	LA ZH	The term is not translated. It has a long pedigree in the Church’s experience. The term refers in particular to a way of reading the Word of God (hence the divina) directly or via commentaries.	lectio divina has more recently been encouraged in Salesian spirituality, especially by Fr Chávez. Return to Index
L’estasi dell’azione 308vigano.txt - San Francesco di Sales soffermandoci con predilezione sulle sue riflessioni circa «l’estasi dell’azione». Return to top	IT	the ecstasy of action 行動的超拔	EN-EN ZH	Originally a term from St Francis de Sales	The term was taken up again by Fr. Viganò in AGC 332 and 338. He suggests it is the interior side of ‘da mihi animas.’ Action sanctified by prayer. It is the Salesian interpretation which leads to art. 12 of the Constitutions: ‘contemplative in action.’
lettera circolare Cg20-1.txt - ALBERA, Lettera Circolare p 123.	IT	circular letter 公函	EN-EN ZH
Lettere Dimissoriali cf also dimissorie	IT	dimissorial letters 辭職信	EN-EN ZH	Letter from Bishop or Major Superior to ordaining Bishop of candidate for ordination, giving the go-ahead for the ordination
lettorato eg06-Ministeri e Ordini Sacri.txt - Per i salesiani avviati al Presbiterato e al Diaconato, i Ministeri istituiti (Lettorato e Accolitato)	IT	ministry of reader 讀經職	EN-EN ZH	Note that English does not attempt to call it lectorate. The one who takes on this ministry is called lettore or Reader.	In the Ratio 474 the English refers to ‘this ministry,’ allowing the sentence structure to refer to the earlier mention of ministry of lector. Lector is a possibility but not a preference as an English gloss for lettorato
lettura spirituale DBscritti.txt - lettura spirituale, la visita quotidiana al SS. Sacramento, la Confessione settimanale, la	IT	spiritual reading 讀聖書	EN-EN ZH	In fact not to be confused with lectio divina which has a long pedigree in the Church’s history and is more meditative by intention than the simpler spiritual reading.	Return to Index
Letture Cattoliche Return to top	IT	Catholic Readings 公教讀物	EN-EN ZH	First published by Don Bosco in 1853, as a monthly pocket-sized booklet.	Often referred to simply as ‘The Readings’ (Letture).
liceo ^†liceo di Valsalice 376vecchi.txt - Mercede, nel cui territorio era andata ad abitare la famiglia Zatti. Avevano due scuole: un liceo	IT	High School ^†College of Valsalice	EN-EN	The upper level of secondary school whatever that may be called in different parts of the English-speaking world.	The Italian liceo student either takes languages, liberal arts or science maths directions. To apply for university the liceo student must take the maturità exam (matriculation)
Liguori, Alfonso de’	IT	Liguori, Alphonsus di 聖亞豐素	EN-EN ZH	1696-1787. Saint and moralist. Founder of the Redemptorists. Interestingly enough, English tends to Italianise the surname according to modern Italian orthography rather than its original orthography.	DB first ‘met’ Alphonsus di Liguori at the Convitto Ecclesiastico in Turin 1841-44 – and the study of this so-called Probabiliorist influenced his attitude to confession and to some of the ascetic elements of Salesian life.
liminalità 347vigano.txt - «liminalità»; è un concetto che indica come la Vita consacrata si collochi in una «situazione di frontiera».	IT	frontier situation	EN-EN	A term emanating from post Vatican II discussion of Consecrated Life. Not so easy to translate the –ità element of this word
linguaggio (lingua) SSCS - it.txt - Conoscenza dell’attuale linguaggio giovanile; Return to top	IT	language	EN-EN	Anyone whose native language is English feels a little uncomfortable when Salesian texts speak broadly of the ‘language of cinema, theatre’ etc., since we are accustomed to a language being rather more clearly defined than this, as in the case of the English or Italian language or any other language spoken by human beings. The answer lies in linguistics which makes a distinction between (using French here because of F. Saussure who introduced the notion) parole, langue and langage.	Parole is an actual utterance, a local example of speech. Langue is what we normally understand as a particular language, but taken as a whole, as a system of signs. Langage is the capacity or competence for language, or the abstract notion of language, and applies equally to animals as to humans, to cinema, art, theatre….. In Italian, langage is linguaggio, and langue is lingua. Parole is obviously parola. In English we use the term language for both lingua and linguaggio.
L’Ispettore Salesiano, un ministero per l’animazione e il governo della comunità ispettoriale	IT	The Salesian Provincial, a ministry for the animation and government of the Provincial community 慈幼會會長,一個激勵和管治會省團體的職位	EN-EN ZH	Title of what is sometimes also simply called the Provincial’s Manual or handbook, a manual which refers to the role of the Provincial in his task of animation and government
Logo (see image) 381chavez.txt - convenienza di un logo comune; infine, il tema della comunità della Casa Generalizia	IT	Logo 標識	EN-EN ZH	Not to be confused with the stemma or Salesian coat of arms. The logo is of the General Administration
Los Hogares Don Bosco Return to top	ES	Los Hogares Don Bosco	ES-ES	Leave in its Spanish original. It is a ‘Focolare’ style movement. Focolare would be the Italian gloss for Hogares.	Return to Index
L'Osservatore Romano	IT	L'Osservatore Romano	IT	Title of Catholic (Vatican) daily first produced on 1st July 1861 a few months after the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed. The publication's aim was clearly apologetical and in defence of the Papal States at the time. It's name reflected the 'Roman Question' of the day. In 1885 Pope Leo XIII made it the official organ of the Holy See.	This initial period of development clearly occurred at a time when Don Bosco was himself most active in publishing apologetic materials in defence of Catholic truth and of the Holy See.
Lotteria DBpianreg.txt - Lotteria, che si compie l’anno seguente, che ha favorevolissima accoglienza.	IT	Lottery, benefit raffle 抽獎摸彩	EN-EN ZH	DB began his first lottery or raffle in 1851 and continued this kind of exercise for the rest of his life.
Lumen Gentium	LA	Lumen Gentium	LA	The Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, solemnly proclaimed by Pope Paul VI on November 21st 1964.	as with Church documents generally, the term comes from the opening two words of the document, literally meaning "light of the people"
luoghi salesiani 385chavez.txt - Valorizzazione dei luoghi salesiani Return to top	IT	Salesian holy places 慈幼會聖地	EN-EN ZH	A reference to the areas where DB was born and grew up and ministered – Colle, Chieri, Turin etc.

ministry of reader