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terms marked with ^† are often without further comment. They come from the experience of people who have translated large tracts of Salesian literature, e.g. Fr Borgatelli’s translation of the Memorie Biografiche. In other words most of these terms are dated ones, found only or mainly in older Salesian texts. To view terms in context, click on the text indicator below the term (not all terms have one as yet). Use the 'find' facility in Notepad or other to find the precise location of the term in context Return to Finding Your Way

Madonna DBCircolari.txt - Né mancate di raccomandare ai giovani allievi che siano buoni, divoti della Madonna,	IT	The Madonna	EN-EN	A favourite term of Don Bosco's, which continues to our own time, for Mary. In origin the term was used in Italian (before DB's time) to mean what today is Signora, or a polite reference to a Lady.	Today it is always seen in reference to Mary and not translated. Commonly known in English in titles for paintings of Madonna and child.
Madre della Chiesa Cartcom.txt - O Maria, Madre di Dio e Madre della Chiesa,	IT	Mother of the Church 教會之母	EN-EN ZH	This title, so much part of Vat. II is to be found in DB’s writings in 1868.
maestra e guida Pv3.txt - presenza materna di Maria «maestra e guida».	IT	mistress and guide	EN-EN	In Don Bosco's dream at nine years of age, he is told "Io ti daro' una maestra su cui disciplina", then frequently throughout his life he referred to the guidance he sought and obtained from Mary. The phrase maestra e guida has become a familiar one in Salesian literature to refer to the role Mary plays in the Salesian life.
Maestro dei novizi Pv1.txt - Il maestro dei novizi	IT	Director of Novices 初學師	EN-EN ZH	Note – not Master of novices though this latter term is frequently in spoken use. Official written reference is the former term
magistero RFCN_Cap_3.txt - – la docilità e la sintonia con il magistero della Chiesa nell’esercizio del ministero Return to top	IT	magisterium 訓導權	LA ZH	Indicates those in the Church who have the task of teaching correct doctrine: Pope and bishops.	The term is also used in a more restricted sense of the Salesian magisterium, indicating the official documentation of teaching of the Congregation
Malvasìa	IT-PIE	Malvasìa	IT-PIE	A grape type (name of wine) typical of the Monferrato region around Don Bosco’s home town of Castelnuovo.
Mamma Margherita	IT	Mamma Margaret	EN-EN	We retain the term Mamma in Italian but Anglicise the name Margherita. At Valdocco, with Mamma Margaret, the Salesian family spirit had its origins.	It is important not to generalise the term family spirit which each Congregation lays claim to, but to retain the historical individuality of the Salesian family spirit as experienced with Mamma Margaret at Valdocco, as it is one of the fundamentals behind loving-kindness in the Preventive System.
manuale 389Chavez.txt - contenuti del CG23 e del manuale della Pastorale Giovanile, per garantire l’identità dei nostri	IT	handbook 手冊	EN-EN ZH	Could also be manual, but English prefers handbook if the contents are other than purely mechanical ones.	Return to Index
marginalizzazione	IT	exclusion, marginalisation 排斥	EN-EN ZH	To exclusion one could add by society. Cf. also emarginati.	Important to see the Italian word in context. It may require a phrase such as leaving people on the fringe of society or similar. marginalisation is a possible gloss.
maturazione umana Progetto personale - Formazione iniziale italiano.txt - - la verifica della maturazione umana, spirituale e salesiana, grazie a processi di Return to top	IT	human maturing process	EN-EN	We could gloss this as maturation, but in fact it is a process, an aim of formation, with its many phases and rythms, and sounds better in English as a phrase. In Salesian documentation we find reference to a variety of maturing processes - vocational, cultural, of the person, in love, of the faith, affective, sexual...
Maria cf also Auxilium Christianorum	IT	Mary 瑪利亞	EN-EN ZH	In reference to Mary, Mother of God, DB used many titles according to his time and place: addolorata, avvocata, immacolata, madre, protettrice, regina, salvezza, vergine. In our own day of course many of these continue to be used especially if part of the universal household of faith. Mother of the Church is both old and new, having undergone a renewed interest from the time of Pope Paul VI (proclaimed at the end of Vatican II).	For Mary Help of Christians cf. Ausiliatrice. Return to Index
Mazzarello, Maria Domenica Return to top 387chavez.txtPlus8MoreFiles.txt stato l’esempio luminoso di Maria Domenica Mazzarello.	IT	Mazzarello, Mary Domenica 瑪利亞陶美尼加瑪沙利羅	EN-EN ZH	1837-1854. Co-foundress of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians with Don Bosco. We usually Anglicise the first name only, Mary. The term often appears in its Italian form entirely, and Maria Domenica is the form with which most people refer to her when using Christian name only.	Canonised 24^th June 1951. The term Mother is applied usually to her and to other superiors (provincials and those at world administration level). Today many women religious prefer not to use the term Mother, but it is still used for the Superior General of the Salesian Sisters at least. In 1981 on the centenary of St. mary Mazzarello, Fr. Vigano wrote a special letter called Rediscovering the Spirit of Mornese
media SSCS - it.txt - la comprensione critica dei media, la comunicazione e l’espressione nei vari linguaggi del	LA	media	EN-EN	The term is the usual one in English. Often in ecclesial language social communication is the preferred term, used as a synonym, but in fact it is not exactly a synonym. Social communication directs how media are to be used for the benefit of society. Media, of their nature, are simply instruments.	cf. social communication The term mass media is synonymous with media; the term group media can mean simply mass media which is usable in a group or, in certain contexts, media for special groups such as basic Christian communities. The term communication means is not preferred in English (it directly glosses mezzi di comunicazione). English would use simply media instead.
Media Don Bosco Madagascar Return to top cf also comunicazione sociale	EN	Media Don Bosco Madagascar	EN-EN	English but works equally well for other languages too It aims at being not just one more work but a different kind of work, where the “difference” is found in the quality of communication and in the production and product, effectiveness of interventions, logical manner of service and respect for local culture, style of reception and encounter – a whole collection of attitudes and manner of approach which aims at satisfying its listeners, the ultimate clients, but at the same time keeps control of the product supplied.	MDB forms part of the apostolic and pastoral activity of the Catholic Church of Madagascar, fully respecting its directives and guidelines, particularly in the matter of social communication. The activity of Media Don Bosco does not seek in any way to make a profit, and has no political or commercial connections.
meditazione CG25comunità1.txt - mediante la lectio divina, la meditazione quotidiana, la Liturgia delle ore, le	IT	meditation 默想	EN-EN ZH	The term causes no particular linguistic problem.	Worth noting that Salesian meditation (i.e. as of St Francis de Sales) has a particular method which was once quite formally carried out in SDB morning meditation – 3 phases with resolutions. Once could regret that the loss of this rather formal approach has also meant the loss for some of any method at all!
membro Pv6.txt - all'impegno personale del salesiano che «...come membro responsabile Return to top	IT	member	EN-EN	Italian offers two terms, socio and membro which have the same gloss in English, namely, member.	A glance at the collocates (associated terms) indicates that membro associates with community, with family, with co-responsibility, whereas socio associates with types of member (priest, cleric, lay...).
Memorie Biografiche MB	IT	The Biographical Memoirs BM 聖鮑思高言行錄	EN-EN ZH	19 volume collection on Don Bosco’s life compiled in the early years of Salesian history from a variety of sources close to Don Bosco	Return to Index
Memorie Dell’Oratorio MO	IT	Memoirs of the Oratory MO 母院史	EN-EN ZH	Important work by DB telling not just (and maybe not accurately) the history of the Oratory, but his founding principles and inspirations.	More of a good story with key and foundational concepts of Salesian life intertwined. Cf the Oratory outlines
metodo SDB-Regolamenti-i.txt - Nei paesi non cristiani, i salesiani, applicando il loro metodo educativo pastorale,	IT	method 方法	EN-EN ZH	The term collocates most easily in Salesian usage with preventive system or educational. But in this context, method should not be understood as a clear set of details, rather as a set of principles and attitudes.
ministero della Parola 296vigano.txt - Nel Vaticano II il ministero della Parola (collocato sempre al primo posto nei tre livelli del servizio pastorale del	IT	ministry of the Word	EN-EN	A term especially relaunched by Vatican II. Ministry of the Word is placed as first in the pastoral service offered by Bishops and Priests. cf. also Word of God.	It is one of three complementary ministries of the priest, the other two being ministry of sanctification (through sacraments) and ministry of leadership of the community.
misericordia di Dio Return to top Costituzioni1.txt - DB, Esercizio di devozione alla misericordia di Dio, Torino 1847 p. 81; (OE II, 151)	IT	mercy of God	EN-EN	The term is a consistent one throughout biblical and Christian history. It is of interest to note that in 1847, one of the early retreats preached by Don Bosco was on this theme - requested by the Marchioness Barolo.
missionario SDB-Regolamenti-i.txt - L'oratorio è un ambiente educativo che si apre, con slancio missionario, ai ragazzi	IT	missionary 傳教士	EN-EN ZH	A primary dimension (sector) of Salesian life and mission
Missionary Sisters of Mary Help of Christians MSMHC	EN	Missionary Sisters of Mary Help of Christians MSMHC 進教之佑傳教女修會	EN-EN ZH	Founded in 1942 in Guwahati by Bishop Ferrando	Members of the Salesian Family
missione Return to top Cg20-5.txt - Missione salesiana e apostolato parrocchiale	IT	mission 使命	EN-EN ZH	A term rich in biblical content but also full of meaning for Salesians especially since the Special General Chapter post Vatican II. It was in 1971 that the SGC first introduced mission as a way of explaining the Salesian identity. Hence we speak of the Salesian mission. The Salesian mission can be specified more directly by speaking the mission to the young (missione giovanile) or as our educational mission (missione educativa). Those who work with us, including laity, are referred to as corresponsabili nella missione. It is often better, depending on context, to gloss corresponsabili as a phrase in English, e.g. those who share responsibility for the mission	Today we distinguish mission ad gentes (the foreign missions of old) from the more general sense of mission. But we speak of our missionary dimension and in fact retain this as one of the key sectors of the Salesian mission in general. For a long period of Salesian history the term was, in the plural (missioni, missions) the attention given to those not yet baptized – the foreign missions. During the 20^th Century, ecclesial theology returned to the Latin missio and gave us the sense of mission as the mission of the Church, of the Congregation Return to Index
missione comune Costituzioni2.txt - Ciascuno di noi è responsabile della missione comune e vi partecipa con la	IT	(the) common mission	EN-EN	The expression is found frequently in the Salesian Constitutions (e.g. C.44) where it refers to that which calls on our complementary and co-responsible action to achieve a common purpose.	The common mission is the basis of pastoral planning in Christian life, either at the level of diocese or parish or in the case of a particular group with a particular shared mission (e.g. Salesian Family, the Salesian educative community...).
missioni chavezmgs04.txt - bisogni della società (le missioni, la pace, la solidarietà, la costruzione Return to top	IT	(the) missions	EN-EN	The more complete term is mission ad gentes, in reference to what we used call 'the foreign missions' (a Eurocentric term if ever there was one!)	The Salesian Congregation has missioni as a sector of activity and a department. Thus there is a Councillor for the Missions. There exists a tradition within the Congregation of any confreres being able to directly approach the Rector Major to offer himself 'for the missions'.
mixité Cg20-3.txt - RAGAZZE: 51, (v.Mixité). SOGNI di Don Bosco: 204-211. RETTOR MAGGIORE:	FR	coeducation 男女同校	EN-EN ZH	The Italian term is now largely obsolete in Salesian usage and replaced by coeducazione.	came in especially through the Special General Chapter which needed to face up to the reality of mixed genders
modestia Dbdomsav.txt - ricercato ; ma in quella 8modestia di abiti e nella	IT	modesty 端莊	EN-EN ZH	A term that DB spoke about in his plan for regulations for the Annex, once boys were living in. It was a virtue that he esteemed in general in the human being and especially in the young.
mondializzazione 364vecchi.txt - Un termine è ritornato varie volte nella discussione: globalizzazione, cioè 0mondializzazione dei problemi,	IT	globalisation, inter-connectedness of events in the world 全球化	EN-EN ZH	Italian actually distinguishes at an academic level between mondializzazione and globalizzazione but in practice either term will do	cf. also globalizzazione. The concept that would in English be rendered by ‘globalisation’ is further delineated in Italian. mondializzazione stresses the connectedness of local events (‘chaos theory’ would be seen to be drawing on this idea, for example).
mondo Return to top DBValentino.txt - essere dimenticati in questo mondo.»	IT	world 世界	EN-EN	The term as it appears in earlier Salesian texts tends to have the negative concept that comes from a dualistic understanding of spirit and world…or the scriptural opposition to spirit and world that we find in St. John.	Vat II’s Gaudium et Spes meant a change in the way the term was applied in Salesian language. From SGC (1971) onwards we see phrases like today’s world used in a much more positive sense. We speak of an openness to the world of the Salesian mission in the world.. We also speak of the world of.. e.g as in the world of young people or young people's world.
mondo del lavoro Cg24 DocCap.txt - società civile, in specie con il mondo del lavoro.	IT	the world of work	EN-EN	The term is a frequent reference in contemporary Saleisan documentation, especially from GC21 onwards and reflection on the circumstances of young people today, their need for preparation for the working world.	It was the title of a Letter from Fr Viganò in 1982 (Salesian Mission and the World of Work). The concept was part of Don Bosco's thinking as he developed the vocational path of the Salesian Brother.
monello Dbmagone.txt - Mio caro Magone, hai tu volontà di abbandonare questa vita da monello e metterti ad	IT	urchin 頑童	EN-EN ZH	Likely to be found in reference to poor and abandoned youth
Monsignore Mons. Msgr. Return to top	IT	Bishop 蒙席主教	EN-EN ZH	In English ecclesiastical terminology a monsignor is not a bishop but a domestic prelate. It is better, therefore, not to confuse the terms and to refer to a bishop as a bishop not as a mons.	In Italian all bishops and archbishops (and presumably domestic prelates too) are called monsignori. There is no need to transfer this nomenclature to English. The normal reference in English would be to ‘the Most Rev…bishop/archbishop of….’
Morano, Maddalena Caterina 351vigano.txt - novembre scorso a Catania, la beatificazione di Suor Maddalena Caterina Morano da parte del Santo Padre Giovann	IT	Morano, Maddalena Caterina 瑪達蓮莫蘭諾	IT-IT ZH	FMA. 1847-1908. Beatified in 1994. Referred to as Mother Maddalena…the name remains in its Italian orthography at present. The tendency is for names to be Anglicised when they are in more frequent use in the English-speaking world.	Return to Index
morte 376vecchi.txt - La loro vita e la loro morte hanno proclamato in forma chiara la radicalità dell’adesione a Cristo	IT	death 死亡	EN-EN ZH	The term has a particular spiritual resonance in the life and work of DB, who often reflected on the importance of death and was not afraid to put this to his boys – he had the monthly practice of The Exercise for Happy Death.	The theme is no less important for spiritual life today but our sensitivities in the use of the term mean that we have modulated The Exercise for into the Monthly Recollection.
movimento di carità Costituzioni1.txt - della nostra consacrazione, vissuti in un unico movimento di carità verso Dio e Return to top	IT	movement of charity	EN-EN	The term is recognisable as part of C.3 where it refers to a double movement of charity towards God and towards our neighbour.	The term is also another way of speaking of the complete Salesian mission of human development and evangelisation brought about by works of corporal and spiritual charity.
movimento giovanile 380chavez13.txt -Tramite il Movimento giovanile PALS e FRIENDS, fare lo stesso per i giovani adulti.	IT	youth movement	EN-EN
Movimento Giovanile Salesiano MGS Cg24 DocCap.txt - Il Movimento Giovanile Salesiano (MGS) ha ricevuto un riconoscimento	IT	Salesian Youth Movement SYM 慈幼青年運動	EN-EN ZH	Term which came into being 1978	a movement with an educational character
Movimento Salesiano Cartcom.txt - L'apertura a un più vasto "1Movimento salesiano".	IT	Salesian Movement	EN-EN
movimento salesiano	IT	Salesian Movement 慈幼運動	EN-EN ZH	Usually capitalised in English	Reference to the various degrees of adhesion to the Salesian system and Salesian principles, GC22. Not a structured reality with a specific organisation but rather an awareness, a spirit, an affective belonging to, in view of doing good to the young. The Friends of Don Bosco would be an example of the Saleisan movement.
musica Pv5.txt - gioventù, della musica e del canto, non solo come strumento a servizio	IT	music 音樂	EN-EN ZH	A term that Desramaut includes among his 100 words of Salesian spirituality.	Since there is no such thing as a Salesian house without music in the Salesian tradition, a Salesian glossary must at least mention the term!
Mutuae Relationes Return to top	LA	Mutual Relations	EN-EN	Normally left in its Latin form, this document was published in 1978, May 14th as a joint publication of two Vatican Congregations or departments - that for religious life and that for Bishops. It deals with the relationships desired between Bishops and Religious.